ISSN (ONLINE): 3107-7862
ξ™‰ξ™ξ™™ξš… ξ™Ÿξ™„ξ™΄ξ™‚ξ™™ξ™Žξ™˜ξ™Ήξž¬ ξ™…ξž«ξ™‹ξšƒ ξ˜Άξ™ξ™Ώ ξ™ξ™‹ξ™Šξ™‘ ξ™ξš―ξ™»ξš’ξ™”ξ™ξ™Ÿξ™‹ / ξ˜Άξ™΄ξ™žξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™Œξž« - ξšœξ™„ξ™Ώξ™Œξž« 2025
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ξ™‰ξš‚ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ›Šξ˜Όξ™Ίξ™ˆξ™Ώξ›Šξ˜Όξ™½ξ™ξ™˜ξšƒξ›Šξ˜Όξ™½ξ™‹?
ξ˜Άξ™‰ξ™½ξ›Šξ˜Άξ™ξ™™ξš”ξ™ξ™™ξ™‚ξš„ξ›Šξ˜Όξ™½ξ™ξ™‹ξ™½ξ™‹? ξ™žξ™ξš΄ξ™Ώξ›Š
ξ˜Άξ™Ÿξ™‰ξ›Šξ™‰ξšžξ™Ύξ™Œξš’ξ›Šξ˜Όξ™Ύξ™Œξšœξ›Šξ˜Όξ™½ξ™Œξ™Ÿξ™‰ξ›Šξ™Œξš‚ξ™ξ™™ξ›Š
ξ™Œξ™˜ξž«ξ™Ύξ™žξ™Œξ™˜ξ™Ώ.
ξ˜Ώξš―ξ™”ξš―ξ™΄ξš”ξ›Š ξ™‰ξ™½ξš§ξ™Ÿξ™‡ξ™Žξ›Š ξ˜Ίξ™ŽξšŽξ™Ÿξ™
ξ™Ύ
ξ›Š
ξ™ŒξšŽξž¬ξ™Όξš’ξ›Š ξ™”ξšŽξ™‡ξ›Š ξ™žξ™”ξ™Ίξšžξ™Ώξ›Š ξ˜Όξ™½ξ™ξ›Š ξ˜Όξ™Ίξ™ˆξ™Ώξ›Š
ξ˜½ξš‚ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‡ξ™˜ξšƒξ›Š ξ˜Άξ™‰ξš‚ξš”ξ›Š ξ™‰ξš‚ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ›Š ξ˜Όξ™Ίξ™ˆξ™Ώξ›Š
ξ˜Όξ™½ξš²ξ›Š ξ™ξ™Œξ™Žξž«.ξ›Š ξ˜Έξ™Όξ™‰ξ›Šξ˜Όξ™Ίξ™ˆξ™Ώξ›Š ξ˜½ξš‚ξ™Œξšžξ™Ώξ›Šξ™žξ™Œξ™˜ξ™žξ™‰ξ›Š
ξš•ξ™‡ξ™žξ™”ξ›Šξ™‰ξ™½ξ›Šξ˜Ίξ™ŽξšŽξ™Ÿξ™ξ›Šξ˜Όξ™Ύξ™Œξšœξ™ξ™Žξšƒξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™Ώξ›Šξ™ξ™˜ξš€ξ™»ξš’ξ›Š
ξ™”ξšŽξ™‡ξ›Š ξš«ξšœξš­ξ™Ώξ›Š ξ˜Όξ™½ξš²ξ™Ώξ›Š ξ™žξ™Žξ™˜ξ™„ξ™™ξ™Ύξ™Œξ™˜ξž«ξ™‚ξš„
.
ξ˜Ίξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™ξ™ˆξ™»ξ™‰ξ™™ξš‚ξš”ξ›Š ξš£ξ™΄ξš”ξ›Š ξ™ξ™˜ξ™Ήξšœξ™΄ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξš„ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™ξ™˜ξ›Š
ξ™”ξšŽξ™•ξ™Ώξ›Šξ˜Όξšžξ™»ξš’ξ™΄ξ›Šξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξš„ξ™’ξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™ξ™˜ξ›Šξ˜Άξšƒξ™‘ξš’ξ›Šξ™ξ™ŽξšŽξšƒξ›Š
ξ™‰ξ™Ίξ™‡ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™’ξ™»ξ™‰ξ™™ξšƒξ›Š ξš”ξ™‰ξ™™ξ™»ξš’ξ›Š ξ™”ξšŽξ™‡ξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™ξ™˜ξ›Š ξ˜Όξ™½ξ™Œξš’ξ›Š
ξ™žξ™Œξ™˜ξ™½ξ™ξ›Š ξ˜Όξ™Ίξ™ˆξš«ξ™Ώξ›Š ξš•ξ™‡ξ™žξ™”ξ›Š ξ˜½ξš‚ξ™Œξšžξ™Ώ.ξ›Š
ξ˜Άξ™Ύξ™Œξšœξ™Ύξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‡ξ›Š ξ˜Όξ™Ίξ™ˆξ™΅ξ™‚ξš„ξ›Š ξ˜½ξš‚ξ™Œξšžξ™Ώξ›Š ξ™žξ™Œξ™˜ξš’ξ›Š
ξ˜Όξšƒξ™‘ξ™˜ξ›Š ξ™žξ™Šξ™ξ™΅ξ™‚ξ™’ξšξš΄ξ™Ώξ›Š ξ˜Άξ™”ξš―ξ™Ÿξ™‡ξ™Žξ›Š ξ™žξ™Šξ™˜ξ™΄ξ™‚ξ™Ώξ›Š
ξ˜Ίξ™ŽξšŽξ™Ÿξ™ξ›Š ξ™”ξšŽξ™Ήξšžξ™Ύξ›Š ξ™ŒξšŽξž¬ξ™Όξš’ξ›Š ξ™”ξšŽξ™‡ξ›Š ξ™žξ™”ξ™Ίξšžξ™Ώξ›Š
ξ˜Όξ™½ξ™Œξš’ξ›Š ξ˜Έξšƒξ™Ÿξ™‘. ξ™„ξ™™ξ™‘ξ›Š ξ™žξ™Šξ™ξ™΅ξ™‚ξ™’ξšξšƒξ›Š ξ™žξ™Šξ™˜ξ™΄ξ™‚ξ™Ώξ›Š
ξ˜Έξšƒξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™ξ™žξ™‘ξ™žξ™Žξ›Š ξ™‰ξš‚ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ›Š ξ˜Όξ™Ίξ™ˆξ™Ώξ›Š
ξ˜½ξš‚ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™Ώ.
ξ›Šξ™‰ξš‚ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ›Š ξ˜Όξ™Ίξ™ˆξ™Ώξ›Š ξ˜½ξš‚ξ™Œξšžξ™‚ξ™™ξ™½ξ™ξ›Š
ξ™Šξ™Œξš―ξ™΄ξš”ξ›Š ξ˜Άξ™”ξš―ξ™Ÿξ™‡ξ™Žξ›Š ξ™žξ™Œξ™Άξ™„ξ™™ξšƒξ›Š ξ˜Ίξ™ˆξž«ξ™Άξ™„ξ™™ξ™ŽξšŽξšƒξ›Š
ξ™ξš‚ξš²ξ™Ώξ›Šξ™Šξ™‡ξ™”ξšœξ™΄ξ™Ÿξ™‚ξ™‚ξ™’ξšξšƒξ›Šξ™Šξ™™ξ™Ÿξ™ξ™Žξ›Šξ™ξ™˜ξš‚ξ™ξ™΅ξ™‚ξš„ξ›Š
ξ˜½ξš‚ξ™Œξšžξ™Ώ.
ξ™‰ξš‚ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ›Š ξ˜Όξ™Ίξ™ˆξ™΅ξ™‚ξš„ξ›Š ξ˜Έξš―ξ™Ύξ™Œξ™”ξž«ξ™‚ξš„ξ›Š
ξ™ξ™Œξš―ξ™Ώξ™Œξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™‹ξ›Š ξ™žξ™Šξ™ξ™΅ξ™‚ξ™’ξšξšƒξ›Š ξ™ξš‚ξ™ξ™”ξž«ξ™‚ξ™’ξšξ™‡ξ™Ώξ›Š
ξš«ξ™‰ξ™‘ξ™™ξ™žξ™‘ξ™žξ™Žξ›Š ξ™ξ™‰ξž¬ξ™”ξšŽξ™Ύξ™Œξ™˜ξž«ξ™‚ξš„.ξ›Š β€œξ˜Όξ™‰ξš‚ξš”ξ›Š
ξ˜Έξš―ξ™΄ξ™‚ξ™™ξ™žξ™ξ™˜ξ™Ώβ€? β€œξ™ξ™„ξ™»ξš’ξ™”ξšŽξ™Ήξ™‡ξ™˜ξšƒξ›Š ξ™Šξ™½ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‚ξ›Š
ξ˜Έξš―ξ™΄ξš”ξ™žξ™ξ™˜β€!ξ›Š ξ˜Όξ™½ξ™Œξš’ξ›Š ξ™žξ™Œξ™˜ξ™½ξ™ξ›Š ξ˜Όξ™Ίξ™ˆξ™΅ξ™‚ξ™Ÿξ™’ξ›Š
ξ™‰ξ™΅ξ™‚ξšΆξ™Ÿξ™‡ξ™Žξ›Š ξ™žξ™Œξ™Άξ™„ξ™™ξ™½ξ›Š ξš¬ξ™‘ξ™Ώξ›Š ξ™‰ξ™΅ξ™‚ξšΆξ™Ÿξ™‡ξ™Žξ›Š
ξ™Šξ™Ίξ™Œξž«ξ™‚ξ™’ξšξ™‡ξ™žξ™ξ™˜ξ›Š ξ˜Άξšƒξ™‘ξš’ξ›Š ξ™” ξš“ξ™Ήξšœξšƒξ›Š
ξ˜Ίξš„ξ™’ξ™”ξž«ξ™‚ξ™’ξšξ™‡ξ™žξ™ξ™˜ξ›Šξš«ξ™‰ξ™‘ξ™™ξšƒξ›Šξ™ξ™‰ξž¬ξ™”ξšŽξ™Ύξ™Œξ™˜ξž«ξ™‚ξš„.
ξ™‰ξš‚ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ›Š ξ˜Όξ™Ίξ™ˆξ™Ώξ›Š ξ™Œξš‚ξ™ξ™™ξ›Š
ξ™žξ™Œξš˜ξ™Œξ™”ξž«ξ™‚ξ™’ξšξ™½ξ›Š ξ˜Ίξ™ˆξž«ξ™Άξ™„ξ™™ξ™ŽξšŽξšƒξ›Š ξ™Œξ™‘ξ™”ξšŽξ™‰ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‹ξ›Š
ξ™ξ™˜ξš‚ξ™ξ™΅ξ™‚ξš„ξ›Šξš•ξ™‡ξ›Šξ˜½ξš‚ξ™Œξ™Ήξšœξš―ξ™΄ξš”ξ™Ώ.ξ›Šξ˜Ίξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™ξ™ˆξ™»ξ™‰ξ™™ξš‚ξš”,ξ›Š
ξ˜Άξ™‰ξš“ξ™‰ξ›Šξ™‚ξ™”ξ™Ÿξ™‘,ξ›Šξ™Œξ™Žξ™Ώ,ξ›Šξš”ξš‚ξ™ξ›Šξ˜Ίξ™ˆξž«ξ™Άξ™„ξ™™,ξ›Šξ™ξ™‹ξ™”ξ™‘ξ™™,
ξ™ξ™‹ξ™žξ™”ξ™‰ξ™Ÿξ™‹ξ›Š ξ˜Άξšƒξ™‘ξš’ξ›Š  ξ™”ξ™Ÿξ™‚ξ™Žξ™˜ξ™‹ξ›Š
ξ™ξ™”ξš²ξ™Ÿξ™ξ›Š ξ˜Όξ™‰ξ™™ξž«ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™»ξ™Ÿξ™‰ξ›Š ξ™Œξš‚ξ™ξ™™ξ™Žξ›Š
ξ™Šξ™Ώξ™ŒξšŽξ™΄ξ™Ÿξ™‚ξ™ŽξšŽξ™½ξ™Ÿξ™ξ›Š ξ˜½ξš‚ξ™Œξšžξ™Ώ.ξ›Š ξ™„ξ™™ξ™‘ξ›Š ξ™žξ™Šξ™ξ™΅ξ™‚ξ™’ξšξšƒξ›Š
ξ˜Έξ™‰ξš‚ξš”ξ›Š ξ˜Όξ™‰ξ™™ξž«ξ™ξ™Ÿξ™ξ™Žξ™˜ξ™‹ξ›Š ξ˜Ίξ™ˆξž«ξ™Άξ™„ξ™™ξ™ŽξšŽξšƒξ›Š ξš•ξ™‡ξ›Š
ξ™ξ™˜ξš‚ξ™ξ™΅ξ™‚ξš„ξ›Š ξ˜½ξš‚ξ™Œξ™‡ξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™Ώ. ξ˜Ίξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™ξ™ˆξ™»ξ™‰ξ™™ξš‚ξš”,ξ›Š
ξ˜Άξ™Ÿξ™ξ™‰ξ™™ξ™ŽξšŽξ™½ξ™Ÿξ™,

ξ™‰ξ™™ξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™”ξš’ξ›Š
ξ™ξ™˜ξ™Ήξšœξ™΄ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ίξ™‡ξš’ξ›Š
ξ™žξ™Œξ™˜ξ™½ξ™ξ›Š ξ˜Ίξ™ˆξž«ξšΊ,ξ›Š ξ˜Άξ™‰ξš“ξ™‰ξ›Š
ξ™žξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™Ώ,ξ›Š ξ™Œξ™‰ξš‚ξ™ξ™Ώξ›Š ξ˜Άξšƒξ™‘ξš’ξ›Š ξ˜Ίξ™ˆξž«ξ™Άξ™„ξ™™ξ™‚ξ™’ξšξšƒξ›Š
ξ˜Άξ™‰ξ™™ξ™‚ξ›Š ξ˜½ξš‚ξ™ξ™»ξ™‰ξ™˜ξš…ξšΊξ›Š ξ™žξ™Œξ™˜ξ™½ξ™ξ›Š ξ™ξ™˜ξš²ξ™Œξ™˜ξšžξ™‚ξš„ξ›Š
ξ˜Έξš―ξ™΄ξš”ξ™Ώ.ξ›Š ξ˜·ξ™Ÿξ™‚ξ™Žξ™˜ξšƒξ›Š ξ™‰ξš‚ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ›Š ξ˜Όξ™Ίξ™ˆξ™Ώξ›Š
ξ˜½ξš‚ξ™Œξšžξ™Œξ™”ξž«ξ™‚ξ™’ξšξ™½ξ›Š ξ˜Ίξ™ˆξž«ξ™Άξ™„ξ™™ξ›Š ξ™ξ™˜ξš‚ξ™ξ™΅ξ™‚ξš„ξ›Š ξ˜Όξ™Ύξ™Œξšœξ›Š
ξ™žξ™”ξ™Ίξšžξ™ξ™˜ξ™‹ξ™˜ξš΄ξ™Ώξ›Šξ˜Έξš―ξ™΄ξ™‚ξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™Ώ.
ξ™‰ξš‚ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ›Š ξ˜Όξ™Ίξ™ˆξ™Ώξ›Š ξ˜Έξš―ξ™Ύξ™Œξ™”ξž«ξ™‚ξš„ξ›Š
ξ™„ξ™™ξ™‘ξ›Š ξ™žξ™Šξ™ξ™΅ξ™‚ξ™’ξšξšƒξ›Š ξ™ŒξšŽξ™½ξ›Š ξ™”ξšŽξ™Ÿξ™’ξšΊξ™‚ξ™Ÿξ™’ξ›Š
ξ™žξ™Žξ™˜ξ™„ξ™™ξ™΄ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™ξšƒ,ξ›Šξ™‰ξ™™ξšξ™ξ™ξ™½ξš²ξ›Šξ™”ξšŽξ™Œξž­ξ™‰ξ›Šξ™ξ™„ξ™Žξšƒξ™‚ξ™’ξšξšƒξ›Š
ξ˜Ήξšžξ™Œξ™Ήξšžξ›Š ξ™‰ξš‚ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ›Š ξš«ξ™Žξš‚ξ™„ξ™™ξ™ŽξšŽξšƒξ›Š
ξ˜Ήξšžξ™Œξšžξ™”ξ™˜ξž«ξ™‚ξš„;ξ›Š ξ˜·ξ™‹ξ™˜ξšƒξ›Š ξ™„ξ™™ξ™‘ξš―ξ™΄ξš”ξ›Š ξ™‰ξš‚ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ›Š
ξ˜Όξ™Ίξ™ˆξ™΅ξ™‚ξš„ξ›Š ξ™„ξ™™ξ™‘ξ›Š ξ™‰ξ™™ξ™‹ξ™΅ξ™‚ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™‚ξ›Š ξ˜½ξš‚ξ™Œξ™Ήξšžξ™΄ξ›Š
ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ίξšœξš―ξ™Όξ™‰ξ™˜ξšƒξ›Š ξ˜Άξ™”ξž«ξ™‚ξš„,ξ›Š ξ™ξš‚ξ™ξ™”ξž«ξ™‚ξ™’ξšξ™‡ξ™ξ™™ξš―ξ™Όξš’ξ›Š
ξ™žξ™Œξš˜ξ™”ξ™Ÿξ™‰ξ›Šξ™‰ξ™”ξšŽξž«ξ™»ξš’ξ™΄ξ›Šξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξš„ξ™”ξ™˜ξž«ξ™‚ξš„,ξ›Šξ˜Άξ™‰ξ™™ξ™‚ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‚ξ›Š
ξ™„ξ™˜ξ™Ύξ™ŒξšŽξ™‡ξ›Š ξ™ξ™˜ξ™Ήξ™‡ξ™˜ξž«ξ™‚ξš„,ξ›Š ξ˜Άξ™”ξž«ξ™‚ξšΆξ™΄ξš”ξ›Š ξš£ξ™΄ξ™‚ξ™Ώξ›Š
ξ™„ξž¬ξ™Žξ™˜ξ™‚ξ›Š ξ˜Έξš―ξ™΄ξ™‚ξ™˜ξš’.ξ›Š ξ˜Όξ™Ύξ™Œξšœξ›Š ξ˜Όξšƒξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™Ώξ›Š ξ˜Ίξ™ŽξšŽξ™Ÿξ™ξ›Š
ξ˜Όξšžξ™»ξš’ξ›Š ξ™”ξšŽξ™‡ξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™Ώξ›Š ξ˜Όξ™½ξš²ξ›Š Google ξ™ξ™„ξš€ξš’ξ›Š
ξ˜·ξ™ξ™˜ξš€ξ™Άξ™„ξ™™ξ™ŽξšŽξšƒξ›Š ξ˜Ήξšžξ™Œξšžξ™”ξ™˜ξž«ξ™‚ξš„.ξ›Š ξ™„ξ™™ξ™‘ξž«,ξ›Š ξ™ξš―ξ™Όξš’ξ›Š
ξ™‚ξ™Ÿξ™‡ξ™‚ξšΆξ™΄ξš”ξ™Άξ›Š ξ™ξ™„ξ™½ξš²ξ›Š ξ™Œξ™‘ξ›Š ξ™Šξ™˜ξ™Ήξ™‚ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™‚ξ›Š ξš£ξ™΄ξ™‚ξ›Š
ξ™ξ™˜ξ™»ξ™‰ξ™™ξ™Ÿξ™ξ™‚ξ™Ÿξ™’ξ›Š ξ™žξ™„ξ™‚ξž¬ξ™»ξš’ξ›Š ξ™”ξš―ξ™”ξ™˜ξž«ξ™‚ξš„.ξ›Š ξ™„ξ™™ξ™‘ξž«,
ξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™½ξ›Š ξ˜Έξ™ξ™Όξ™‰ξ›Š ξ™ŒξšŽξ™ξš”ξ›Š ξ™ξš‚ξ™ξ™”ξž«ξ™‚ξšΆξ™΄ξš”ξ›Š
ξ™‰ξ™½ξš§ξ™Ÿξ™‡ξ™Žξ›Š ξ™ξ™„ξ™˜ξ™»ξš’ξ›Š ξ™ξš‚ξš²ξ™Ώξ›Š ξ™ξ™„ξšƒξ™”ξ™΅ξ™‚ξ™Ÿξ™’ξ›Š
ξ˜Όξ™Ύξ™Œξšœξ›Š ξ™ŒξšŽξž¬ξ™»ξš’ξ™΄ξ›Š ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξšžξ™΄ξ™‚ξ›Š ξ™žξ™”ξ™Ίξšžξ™Ώξ›Š ξ˜Όξ™½ξš²ξ›Š
ξ˜Ίξ™ŽξšŽξšƒξ›Š ξ˜ΌξšΈξ™‰ξ™™ξ›Š ξ™Ÿξ™”ξ™Ύξ™Œξ™˜ξž«ξ™‚ξš„ξ›Š ξ™„ξ™™ξ™‘ξž«ξ›Š
ξ™‰ξš‚ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξš­ξ™Ώ
ξ™„ξš¬ξ™‚ξ™Ύ ξ™ŒξšŽξ™ξ™Άξ™„ξ™Ÿξ™‹ξš­ξ™Ώ
Dr. ξ™ξ™žξ™‚ξš‡ ξ™ξ™˜ξ™…ξ™žξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Œξ™˜ξšƒ, ξ˜Άξ™ξ™Ώ ξ™ξ™‹ξ™Šξ™‘ ξ™ξš―ξ™»ξš’ξ™”ξ™ξ™Ÿξ™‹, ξ™‰ξ™™ξš―ξ™Άξ™„ξ™™.
Tamil Psychiatry Journal, Vol-1, Issue-3, Oct-Dec 2025, Page 7-9
ISSN (ONLINE): 3107-7862
ξ™‰ξ™ξ™™ξš… ξ™Ÿξ™„ξ™΄ξ™‚ξ™™ξ™Žξ™˜ξ™Ήξž¬ ξ™…ξž«ξ™‹ξšƒ ξ˜Άξ™ξ™Ώ ξ™ξ™‹ξ™Šξ™‘ ξ™ξš―ξ™»ξš’ξ™”ξ™ξ™Ÿξ™‹ / ξ˜Άξ™΄ξ™žξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™Œξž« - ξšœξ™„ξ™Ώξ™Œξž« 2025
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ξ™Šξ™Ίξ™Œξž«ξ™‚ξšΆξ™΄ξš”ξ™Ώξ›Š ξ˜Ίξ™ξ™”ξšŽξ™‹ξž«ξ™‚ξšΆξ™΄ξš”ξ™Ώξ›Š
ξ™‚ξ™Ÿξ™‡ξ™„ξ™™ξ™Žξ™˜ξ™‚ξ›Š
ξ˜Ώξš―ξš«ξ™Ÿξ™ξ›Šξ™žξ™Œξ™„ξ™™
ξ™”ξšŽ
ξ™‡ξ›Šξ™žξ™”ξ™Ίξšžξ™Ώξ›Šξ˜Όξ™½ξš²ξ›Šξ˜Όξ™Ίξ™ˆξšŽξ›Š
ξ˜Άξ™”ξž«ξ™‚ξ™’ξšξ™‡ξ™Ώξ›Šξ™žξ™Œξš˜ξ™”ξ™˜ξž«ξ™‚ξš„.ξ›Šξ™„ξ™™ξ™‘ξž«ξ›Šξ™‚ξ™ŽξšŽξš²ξ›Šξ™”ξ™˜ξ™΅ξ™‚ξ™™ξ›Š
ξ™” ξš“ξ™Ήξšœξšƒξ›Š ξ™Ÿξ™”ξ™»ξš’ξ™΄ξ›Š ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξš„ξ™”ξ™˜ξž«ξ™‚ξš„.ξ›Š ξ˜Έξ™Ύξ™Œξšœξ™Žξ™˜ξ™‚ξ›Š
ξ™Œξšƒξ™žξ™”ξš²ξ›Š ξ™”ξšŽξ™‰ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‚ξ›Š ξ™‰ξ™™ξ™Ήξ™‡ξ™΅ξ™‚ξš„ξ›Š ξ™‰ξš“ξ™Ήξšœξ›Š
ξ™ξ™„ξ™Žξšƒξ™Œξšžξ™»ξ™‰ξ›Šξš«ξ™Žξš‚ξ™„ξ™™ξ™Ύξ™Œξ™˜ξž«ξ™‚ξš„.
ξ™‰ξš‚ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ›Šξ˜Όξ™Ίξ™ˆξ™»ξ™‰ξ™™ξš‚ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™‹ξ›Šξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™ξ™ˆξ™΅ξ™‚ξš„:
ξ™‰ξš‚ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ›Š ξ˜Όξ™Ίξ™ˆξ™»ξ™‰ξ™™ξš‚ξš”ξ›Š ξ™Œξ™‘ξ›Š
ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™ξ™ˆξ™΅ξ™‚ξš„ξ›Šξ˜Ίξš„ξ™’ξ™‹.ξ›Šξ˜Άξ™‰ξ™™ξšƒξ›Šξ™ξ™™ξ™‚ξ›Šξš«ξ™΄ξ™‚ξ™™ξ™Žξ™ξ™˜ξ™‹ξ›Š
ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™ξ™ˆξ™Ώξ›Š ξ˜Όξ™½ξš²ξ›Š ξ™Œξ™˜ξž«ξ™»ξ™‰ξ™˜ξšƒξ›Š ξ™ξ™‹ξ™Šξ™‘ξ›Š ξ™Œξ™˜ξ™‰ξ™™ξ™Ύξš©ξ™‚ξš„ξ›Š
ξ™‰ξ™˜
ξ™½ξ›Š ξš«ξ™΄ξ™‚ξ™™ξ™Žξ™ξ™˜ξ™‚ξ›Š ξ˜Έξš―ξ™΄ξ™‚ξ™™ξ™½ξ™ξš’.ξ›Š ξ˜Άξ™‰ξ™™ξšƒξ›Š
ξ™ξ™‹ξ™Άξ™žξ™„ξ™˜ξž«ξšΊξ›Š ξ˜Άξšƒξ™‘ξš’ξ›Š ξ™‰ξš“ξ™”ξšŽξ™ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‹ξ›Š 
ξ™‹ξ›Š
ξ™žξ™Šξ™˜ξš€ξ™‚ξš„ξ›Šξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™½ξ›Šξ™ξ™™ξ™‚ξ›Šξš«ξ™΄ξ™‚ξ™™ξ™Žξ™ξ™˜ξ™‹ξ›Šξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™ξ™ˆξ™΅ξ™‚ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™‚ξ›Š
ξ™ξ™‹ξ™Šξ™‘ξ›Šξ™ξš―ξ™»ξš’ξ™”ξž«ξ™‚ξš„ξ›Šξ™ξ™‰ξž¬ξ™”ξšŽξ™»ξ™‰ξ™™ξš―ξ™΄ξ™‚ξ™™ξ™ξ™˜ξž«ξ™‚ξš„.
ξ˜Έξš’ξ›Š ξ™žξ™Œξ™˜ξ™½ξ™ξ›Š ξ˜Άξ™ξ™™ξš”ξ™ξ™™ξ™‚ξš„ξ›Š ξ˜Έξš―ξ™Όξ™‰ξ™˜ξšƒ,ξ›Š
ξš«ξ™‰ξ™½ξ›Š ξš«ξ™‰ξ™‘ξ™™ξšƒξ›Š ξš”ξšžξ™Ώξ™Œξ™»ξ™‰ξ™™ξ™‹ξž«ξ›Š ξ˜Άξšƒξ™‘ξš’ξ›Š
ξ™Šξ™Ίξ™Œξž«ξ™‚ξš„ξ›Š ξ™‰ξ™½ξ›Š ξ™‚ξ™Ίξšžξ™ŒξšŽξšœξ™Ύξ™Œξ™˜ξž«ξ™‚ξš„. ξ˜Άξš†ξ™”ξ™˜ξš²ξ›Š
ξ™‚ξ™Ίξšžξ™ŒξšŽξšœξ™»ξ™‰ξ™˜ξšƒξ›Š ξš«ξ™‰ξ™‘ξ™™ξšƒξ›Š ξ˜Άξ™”ξž«ξ™‚ξ™’ξšξ™‡ξ™Ώξ›Š
ξ™‰ξ™‹ξšξ™Ÿξ™ξ™ŽξšŽξšƒξ›Š ξ™žξ™Œξ™„ξ™™ξ›Š ξ˜Όξ™½ξ™‹ξ›Š ξ™ŒξšŽξ™ξ™Άξ™„ξ™Ÿξ™‹ξ›Š ξ˜Όξ™½ξ™Œξ™Ÿξ™‰ξ›Š
ξ™‚ξ™˜ξš’ξ›Šξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξšžξ™»ξš’ξ™΄ξ›Šξ™žξ™‚ξ™Ήξ™‚ξ›Šξ™žξ™”ξ™Ίξšžξ™Ώ.ξ›Šξ˜Όξ™½ξ™‹ξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™½ξ›Š
ξ™ŒξšŽξ™ξ™Άξ™„ξ™Ÿξ™‹ξ›Š ξ˜Έξš―ξ™Όξ™‰ξ™˜ξš΄ξ™Ώξ›Š ξ˜Ίξ™ŽξšŽξž«ξ›Š ξ˜Όξ™½ξ™Œξš’ξ›Š ξ™”ξšŽξ™Ÿξ™‘
ξ™ξ™‰ξ™™ξ™Ύξ™Œξš‚ξ™ξš’ξ›Š ξ˜Όξ™½ξ™Œξ™‰ξ™Ÿξ™‹ξ›Š ξ˜Άξ™”ξž«ξ™‚ξšΆξ™΄ξš”ξ›Š ξ™ξ™„ξ™˜ξšƒξ™‘ξ™™ξ›Š
ξš©ξž¬ξ™Žξ›Š ξ™Ÿξ™”ξ™΄ξ™‚ξ›Š ξ™žξ™”ξ™Ίξšžξ™Ώ.ξ›Š ξ˜Άξ™”ξž«ξ™‚ξšΆξ™΄ξš”ξ™Ύξ›Š
ξ™Œξ™˜ξš’ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ύξ™Œξ™˜ξ™‹ξ›Š ξš™ξ™“ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ›Š ξ˜Ίξš―ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™΄ξ™‚ξ™™ξ™»ξ›Š ξ™‰ξ™ξ›Š
ξ™žξ™”ξ™Ίξšžξ™Ώ.ξ›Š ξ˜Άξ™”ξž«ξ™‚ξ™’ξšξ™‡ξ™ξ™™ξš―ξ™Όξš’ξ›Š ξ˜·ξ™Œξ™»ξ™Ÿξ™‰ξ›Š
ξ™”ξšŽξ™Ÿξ™’ξ™”ξšŽξ™΄ξ™‚ξ™΄ξ›Šξš•ξšœξ™Žξ›Šξ™ξ™Œξ™˜ξš―ξ™Ήξ™‚ξ™Ÿξ™’ξ›Šξ˜Άξ™Ύξš©ξ™ξ™Ύξ™Œξšžξ™»ξ™‰ξ™™ξ›Š
ξ™Ÿξ™”ξ™΄ξ™‚ξ›Š ξ™žξ™”ξ™Ίξšžξ™Ώ.ξ›Š ξ˜Ίξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™ξ™ˆξ™»ξ™‰ξ™™ξš‚ξš”,ξ›Š ,ξ›Š
ξ™ξ™˜ξ™»ξ™‰ξ™™ξ™Ÿξ™ξ™‚ξš„,ξ›Š ξ™”ξšŽξ™•ξ™Ύξ›Š ξ™ξ™Œξ™˜ξš―ξ™Ήξ™‚ξš„ξ›Š
ξ™žξ™Œξ™˜ξ™½ξ™ξ™”ξš‚ξ™Ÿξ™ξ›Š ξ˜Άξ™Ύξš©ξ™ξ™Ύξ™Œξšžξ™»ξ™‰ξ™™ξ›Š ξ™Ÿξ™”ξ™΄ξ™‚ξ›Š
ξ™žξ™”ξ™Ίξšžξ™Ώ.ξ›Š ξš”ξšžξ™Ώξ™Œξ™»ξ™‰ξ™™ξ™‹ξž«ξ›Š ξ˜Άξ™”ξž«ξ™‚ξ™žξ™’ξ™˜ξšžξ›Š ξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™½ξ›Š
ξ˜Έξš―ξ™΄ξ™‚ξ›Š ξ™žξ™”ξ™Ίξšžξ™Ώ.ξ›Š ξ˜Άξ™”ξš―ξ™Ÿξ™‡ξ™Žξ›Š ξ˜Όξ™Ίξ™ˆξ™΅ξ™‚ξš„ξ›Š
ξ™ξ™˜ξš²ξ™Ώξ›Š ξ™”ξ™Ÿξ™ξ›Š ξ˜Άξ™”ξž«ξ™‚ξšΆξ™΄ξš”ξ›Š ξ˜·ξ™‰ξ™ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™‚ξ›Š ξ˜Έξš―ξ™΄ξ™‚ξ›Š
ξ™žξ™”ξ™Ίξšžξ™Ώ.ξ›Š ξ˜Έξ™”ξž«ξ™‚ξšΆξ™΄ξš”ξ›Š ξ™‰ξš‚ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ›Š ξ˜Όξ™Ίξ™ˆξ™Ώξ›Š
ξ™ξ™‹ξ›Š ξ™žξ™Šξ™˜ξ™ŽξšŽξ™‹ξ™˜ξšƒξ›Š ξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™½ξ›Š ξ˜½ξš‚ξ™Œξ™Ήξšžξš„ξ™’ξš’ξ›Š ξ˜Όξ™½ξ™ξ›Š
ξ™„ξ™Όξ™žξ™‰ξ™‚ξ™Ώξ›Š ξ˜½ξš‚ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‡ξ™˜ξšƒξ›Š ξ˜Ίξ™‡ξ™‹ξšœξ™Žξ™˜ξ™‚ξ›Š ξ™ξ™‹ξ™Šξ™‘ξ›Š
ξ™ξš―ξ™»ξš’ξ™”ξ™Ÿξ™ξ›Š ξ˜Άξš ξ™‚ξ™™ξ›Š ξ˜·ξ™žξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™„ξ™Ÿξ™‹ξ›Š ξ™ξ™Œξš‚ξš²ξ›Š
ξ˜Άξ™‰ξš‚ξš”ξ›Šξ™„ξ™™ξ™‚ξ™™ξ™Άξ™Ÿξ™„ξ›Šξ™ξ™Œξ™ξ›Šξ™žξ™”ξ™Ίξšžξ™Ώ.
15 ξ™”ξ™Žξš’ξ›Š ξš«ξ™‰ξšƒξ›Š 29 ξ™”ξ™Žξš’
ξ˜Ίξ™Ÿξ™‡ξ™Žξ™”ξž«ξ™‚ξ™’ξšξ™Ÿξ™‡ξ™žξ™Žξ›Š ξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™½ξ›Š ξ™ξ™Œξš―ξ™Ώξ™Œξ™˜ξš΄ξ™Ώξ›Š
ξ™‰ξš‚ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ›Š ξ™„ξ™˜ξž«ξ™Όξ™‰ξ›Š ξ˜Όξ™Ίξ™ˆξ™»ξš’ξ™‡ξ™½ξ›Š ξ˜Ίξ™‘ξ™‚ξ™Ώξ›Š
ξš«ξšΈξ™”ξ™‰ξ™™ξš΄ξ™Ώξ›Šξ˜Έξš―ξ™΄ξ™‚ξ™™ξ™ξ™˜ξž«ξ™‚ξš„.ξ›Šξ˜·ξ™Ίξ™ξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™½ξ™ξ™™ξ™΄ξš”
ξš˜ξ™ξ™˜ξž«ξ›Š8 ξ™‘ξ™Ήξ™„ξ™Ώξ›Šξ™ξ™‹ξšξ™‰ξž«ξ™‚ξš„ξ›Šξ™‰ξš‚ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ›Šξ™ξ™„ξš€ξš’ξ›Š
ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ίξšžξ›Š ξ˜Έξ™ξ™΄ξ™‚ξ™™ξ™ξ™˜ξž«ξ™‚ξš„.ξ›Š ξ˜Έξ™Ώξ™ξ™˜ξ™‰ξ™™ξž¬ξ›Š
ξ™‰ξš‚ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ›Š ξ™ξ™„ξš€ξ™Œξ™”ξž«ξ™‚ξ™’ξšξšƒξ›Š ξ™ξ™Œξš―ξ™Ώξ™Œξ™˜ξš΄ξ™Ώξ›Š 78
 ξš“ξ™‰ξ™Ώξ›Šξ™ξ™΄ξ™‚ξš„ξ›Šξ™”ξ™’ξš―ξ™Ώξ›Šξ™Šξ™˜ξ™Ήξšœξšƒξ›Šξ˜Ίξš„ξ™’ξ™”ξž«ξ™‚ξš„ξ›Š
ξ˜Όξ™½ξš²ξ›Š ξ˜Ίξ™‘ξ™‚ξ›Š ξš˜ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™ξ›Š ξ™Šξ™™ξš²ξ™”ξ™‹ξ™Ώξ›Š
ξ™ξ™‰ξž¬ξ™”ξšŽξ™΄ξ™‚ξ™™ξ™½ξ™ξš’.ξ›Š ξš”ξ™ξ™™ξ™Ύξ™Œξ™˜ξ™‚ξ›Š ξ˜Έξ™Όξ™‰ξ™™ξ™Žξ™˜,ξ›Š ξšˆξ™” ξš“ξ™‡ξ™½ξ›Š
ξšˆξ™”ξšŽξ™Ήξ™„ξž«ξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™Όξš’,ξ›Š ξ™ξ™‰ξ™½ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξž¬ξ™Žξ™˜, ξ™‰ξ™˜ξš€ξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™Όξš’ξ›Š
ξ™ξš‚ξš²ξ™Ώξ›Š ξ˜Έξ™‘ξ™΅ξ™Ÿξ™‚ξ›Š ξ™žξ™Œξ™˜ξ™½ξ™ξ›Š ξ™Šξ™˜ξšžξ™‚ξ™’ξšξšƒξ›Š ξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™½ξ›Š
ξ˜Άξ™‰ξ™™ξ™‚ξ›Š  ξš“ξ™‰ξ™»ξ™‰ξ™™ξšƒξ›Š ξ™‰ξš‚ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ›Š ξ™ξ™„ξš€ξš’ξ›Š
ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξš„ξ™”ξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™‚ξ›Š ξ˜·ξš€ξšΊξ™‚ξš„ξ›Š ξ™ξ™‰ξž¬ξ™”ξšŽξ™΄ξ™‚ξ™™ξ™½ξ™ξ™‹.ξ›Š
ξ˜Άξ™‰ξ™™ξšƒξ›Š15 ξš«ξ™‰ξšƒξ›Š29 ξ™”ξ™Žξš’ξ™Ÿξ™‡ξ™Žξ™”ξž«ξ™‚ξ™’ξšξšƒξ›Šξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™½ξ›Š
ξ˜Άξ™‰ξ™™ξ™‚ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‹ξ›Š ξ™‰ξš‚ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ›Š ξ˜½ξš‚ξ™Œξšžξ™‚ξ™™ξ™½ξ™ξš’.ξ›Š
ξ™ξ™Œξ™Ίξ™‚ξ™Ÿξ™’ξ›Š ξ˜Ώξ™Ύξ™ŒξšŽξšžξ™Ÿξ™‚ξ™ŽξšŽξšƒξ›Š ξ˜·ξ™Ίξ™‚ξ™’ξšξ™‡ξ™Ώξ›Š
ξ˜Έξ™ξ™Ίξšžξ›Š ξ™ξ™‡ξ™΅ξš”ξ›Š ξ™‰ξš‚ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ™‚ξš„ξ›Š ξ˜Άξ™‰ξ™™ξ™‚ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‚ξ›Š
ξ˜½ξš‚ξ™Œξšžξ™‚ξ™™ξ™½ξ™ξš’.
ξ™‰ξš‚ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ™΄ξš”ξ›Š ξ™Œξšƒξ™žξ™”ξš²ξ›Š ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™ξ™ˆξ™΅ξ™‚ξš„ξ›Š
ξ™ξ™„ξ™˜ξšƒξ™‘ξ™Ύξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‡ξ™˜ξš΄ξ™Ώξ›Š ξ™„ξš¬ξ™‚ξ›Š ξ™ξ™Œξ™˜ξš―ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™ξ™Ώξ›Š
ξš«ξ™΄ξ™‚ξ™™ξ™Žξ™΄ξ›Š ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™ξ™ˆξ™ξ™˜ξ™‚ξ›Š ξ™‚ξ™Ίξ™‡ξ™ξ™™ξ™Žξ™Ύξ™Œξ™Ήξšžξš„ξ™’ξš’.ξ›Š
ξ™ξ™Œξ™˜ξš―ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™ξ›Š ξ˜½ξš‚ξ™ξ™»ξ™‰ξ™˜ξš…ξšΊ,ξ›Š ξš”ξ™Ÿξ™ξ™Όξ™‰ξ›Š ξ™‚ξšƒξ™”ξšŽξ™»ξ›Š
ξ™‰ξš”ξ™‰ξ™™,ξ›Š ξ™žξ™”ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ™ŽξšŽξ™½ξ™Ÿξ™,ξ›Š ξ™Šξ™‚ξ™ξ™ξ™Žξ™ξ™˜ξ™‰ξšƒ,ξ›Š
ξ™„ξš¬ξ™‚ξ™»ξ™‰ξ™™ξšƒξ›Š ξ™Šξ™™ξ™‘ξšΊξ™Ώξ›Š ξ˜Άξ™Ÿξ™ξ™‰ξ™™ξ™Žξš‚ξ™ξ›Š ξ™Šξ™™ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ™Ÿξ™,ξ›Š
ξš©ξ™‘ξ™Ώξ™ξ™Œξ™Žξž«ξ™‰ξšƒξ›Š ξ™žξ™Œξ™˜ξ™½ξ™ξ›Š ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™ξ™ˆξ™΅ξ™‚ξš„ξ›Š ξ˜Ίξš„ξ™’ξ›Š
ξ™„ξš¬ξ™‚ξ™»ξ™‰ξ™™ξšƒξ›Š ξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™½ξ›Š ξ™‰ξš‚ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ™‚ξš„ξ›Š ξ˜Άξ™‰ξ™™ξ™‚ξ™Ώξ›Š
ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™Ύξ™Œξšžξ™‚ξ™™ξ™ξš’.
ξ˜Έξ™‰ξ™™ξšƒξ›Š ξ™ξ™Œξš―ξ™Ώξ™Œξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™žξ™‹ξ™˜ξž«ξ›Š ξš£ξ™΄ξš”ξ›Š
ξ™ξ™˜ξ™Ήξšœξ™΄ξ›Š ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ίξšžξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™½ξ›Š ξ˜Έξ™ξ™΄ξ™‚ξ™™ξ™ξ™˜ξž«ξ™‚ξš„.ξ›Š
ξ˜½ξ™ξ™‹ξ™½ξ™ξ™˜ξšƒ,ξ›Š ξ˜Άξš’ξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™½ξ›Š ξ™‰ξ™‹ξšξ™Ÿξ™ξ™ŽξšŽξšƒξ›Š
ξ˜Ίξ™‡ξ™‹ξšœξ™Žξ™˜ξ™‚ξ›Š ξ™ξ™„ξš€ξš’ξ›Š ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξš„ξšΆξ™Ώξ›Š ξš«ξ™Ÿξ™ξ™Žξ™˜ξ™‚ξ›Š
ξ˜Ίξš„ξ™’ξš’.ξ›Š ξ˜Άξ™žξ™‰ξ™žξ™Œξ™˜ξšƒξ›Š ξ˜Έξ™Όξ™‰ξ›Š ξš«ξ™Ÿξ™ξ™Ÿξ™Žξ™Ύξ›Š
ξ™Œξ™˜ξž«ξ™»ξš’ξ™Ώξ›Š ξ˜Άξ™‰ξ™™ξ™‚ξ™Ώξ›Š ξ™žξ™‚ξš„ξ™”ξšŽξ™Ύξ™Œξ™Ήξšžξ›Š ξ˜Έξš―ξ™Ύξ™Œξ™‰ξ™˜ξšƒ
ξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™½ξ›Š ξ˜Έξ™Ώξš«ξ™Ÿξ™ξ™Ÿξ™Žξ›Š ξ˜Άξ™‰ξ™™ξ™‚ξ›Š ξ™ξ™΄ξ™‚ξš„ξ›Š
ξ™‚ξ™Ÿξ™‡ξ™ŒξšŽξšœξ™΄ξ™‚ξ™™ξ™½ξ™ξ™‹ξž«.ξ›Š ξ™ξ™˜ξ™»ξ™‰ξ™™ξ™Ÿξ™ξ›Š ξ™ξš‚ξš²ξ™Ώξ›Š ξ™”ξšŽξ™•ξ™Ώξ›Š
ξ˜Άξš―ξ™Όξš’ξ™‰ξšƒξ›Š ξ˜Έξ™ξ™Ίξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™”ξš’ξ›Š ξ˜Άξ™‰ξ™™ξ™‚ξ™Ύξ™Œξšœξ™Žξ™˜ξ™‚ξ›Š
ξ™‚ξ™Ÿξ™‡ξ™Ύξ™ŒξšŽξšœξ™΄ξš”ξ™Ώξ›Š ξ™‰ξš‚ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ›Š ξš«ξ™Ÿξ™ξ™Žξ™˜ξ™‚ξ›Š
ξ˜Ίξš„ξ™’ξš’.ξ›Š ξ˜Έξ™Ώξš«ξ™Ÿξ™ξ™Ÿξ™Ž
ξ™Ύ
ξ›Š ξ™ξ™Œξ™Ίξ™‚ξš„ξ›Š ξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™½ξ›Š
ξ˜Άξ™‰ξ™™ξ™‚ξ™Ώξ›Šξ™‚ξ™Ÿξ™‡ξ™ŒξšŽξšœξ™΄ξ™‚ξ™™ξ™½ξ™ξ™‹ξž«.
ξ™ξ™”ξš”ξ™…ξ™‹ξ›Š ξ™ξ™΄ξ™‚ξ™Ÿξ™’ξ›Š ξ˜Ώξ™Ύξ™ŒξšŽξšžξ™Ÿξ™‚ξ™ŽξšŽξšƒξ›Š
ξ™ξ™‹ξ™Šξ™‘ξ™»ξ™‰ξ™˜ξšƒξ›Š ξ™Œξ™˜ξ™‰ξ™™ξ™΄ξ™‚ξ™Ύξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‡ξ™”ξž«ξ™‚ξ™’ξšξ™Ÿξ™‡ξ™žξ™Žξ›Š
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ξ™‰ξ™ξ™™ξš… ξ™Ÿξ™„ξ™΄ξ™‚ξ™™ξ™Žξ™˜ξ™Ήξž¬ ξ™…ξž«ξ™‹ξšƒ ξ˜Άξ™ξ™Ώ ξ™ξ™‹ξ™Šξ™‘ ξ™ξš―ξ™»ξš’ξ™”ξ™ξ™Ÿξ™‹ / ξ˜Άξ™΄ξ™žξ™‡ξ™˜ξ™Œξž« - ξšœξ™„ξ™Ώξ™Œξž« 2025
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ξ™‰ξš‚ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ›Š ξ™Œξ™»ξš’ξ›Š ξ™ξ™‡ξ™΅ξš”ξ›Š ξ˜Άξ™‰ξ™™ξ™‚ξ™Ώξ›Š
ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™ˆξ™Ύξ™Œξšžξ™‚ξ™™ξ™½ξ™ξš’.ξ›Šξ™ξ™‹ξ™žξ™„ξ™˜ξž«ξšΊξ›Šξ™žξ™Œξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‰ξ™Ύξ™ξ™Œξ™˜ξš―ξš„ξ›Š
ξ˜Ίξ™Ήξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξš„ξšΆξ™‰ξšƒξ›Š ξ™ξ™‹ξ™Άξ™„ξ™™ξ™Ÿξ™‰ξšΊξ›Š ξ™ξš‚ξš²ξ™Ώξ›Š
ξ˜·ξšΆξ™Ÿξ™ξ™΄ξ›Š ξ™žξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™’ξ™˜ξš²ξ›Š ξ™žξ™Œξ™˜ξ™½ξ™ξ›Š ξ™ξ™‹ξ›Š ξ™žξ™Šξ™˜ξš€ξ™‚ξ™žξ™’ξ›Š
ξ™‰ξš‚ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ™΄ξš”ξ›Š ξš«ξ™΄ξ™‚ξ™™ξ™Žξ›Š ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™ξ™ˆξ™΅ξ™‚ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™‚ξ›Š
ξ˜Έξš―ξ™΄ξ™‚ξ™™ξ™½ξ™ξ™‹.ξ›Š ξ™ξ™‹ξ™Šξ™‘ξ›Š ξ™ξš―ξ™»ξš’ξ™”ξ™ξ™Ÿξ™‹ξ™ŽξšŽξšƒξ›Š
ξ˜Έξš―ξ™Όξš’ξ›Š ξ™”ξšŽξšžξ™”ξšŽξ™΄ξ™‚ξ™Ύξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‡ξ›Š ξ™ŒξšŽξ™½ξ›Š 4-ξšƒ ξ˜Έξš―ξ™Όξš’ξ›Š 12
ξ™”ξ™˜ξ™ξ™΅ξ™‚ξš„ξ›Šξ™‰ξš‚ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ›Šξ™ξ™„ξš€ξ™”ξ™‰ξš‚ξš”ξ›Šξ™”ξ™˜ξš€ξ™Ύξš©ξ™‚ξš„ξ›Š
ξ˜Άξ™‰ξ™™ξ™‚ξ™Ώξ›Šξ˜Ίξš„ξ™’ξš’.ξ›Šξ˜·ξ™Ÿξ™‚ξ™Žξ™˜ξšƒξ›Šξ˜Έξ™Όξ™‰ξ™΄ξ›Šξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™»ξ™‰ξ™™ξšƒξ›Š
ξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™½ξ›Š ξ˜Άξ™‰ξ™™ξ™‚ξ›Š ξ™‚ξ™”ξ™‹ξ™»ξ™žξ™‰ξ™˜ξšžξ›Š ξ™žξ™Šξ™˜ξ™Žξ™˜ξ™’ξšξ™‚ξ™Ÿξ™’ξ›Š
ξ˜Ίξ™ξ™”ξšŽξ™‹ξž«ξ™‚ξš„ξ›Šξš¬ξ™‘ξ™Ώξ›Šξ™‚ξ™Ίξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™ˆξšŽξ™»ξ™‰ξšƒξ›Šξ™žξ™”ξ™Ίξšžξ™Ώ.
ξ™žξ™Œξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‰ξ™Ύξ™ξ™Œξ™˜ξš―ξš„ξ›Š ξ˜Ίξ™Ήξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξš„ξ™Œξ™”ξž«ξ™‚ξš„

ξ™Ÿξ™‡ξ™žξ™Žξ›Š ξ˜Άξ™‰ξ™™ξ™‚ξ›Š ξ™‰ξš‚ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ›Š ξ˜Όξ™Ίξ™ˆξ™Ώξ›Š
ξ˜½ξš‚ξ™Œξšžξ™‚ξ™™ξ™½ξ™ξš’.ξ›Šξ˜Έξ™‰ξ™™ξšƒξ›Šξš”ξ™ξ™™ξ™Ύξ™Œξ™˜ξ™‚ξ›Šξ˜·ξšƒξ™‚ξ™—ξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ›Š
ξ™Œξ™Žξ™½ξ™Œξšžξ™»ξ™‰ξ™™ξ™Žξ™‰ξ™˜ξšƒξ›Š ξ™‰ξš‚ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ›Š ξ˜Όξ™Ίξ™ˆξ™Ώξ›Š
ξ™ξš‚ξš²ξ™Ώξ›Š ξ™‰ξš‚ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ™‚ξš„ξ›Š ξ™žξ™ξ™žξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™΅ξ™‚ξ™™ξ›Š
ξ˜Έξš―ξ™΄ξ™‚ξ™™ξ™½ξ™ξš’.
ξ™”ξ™Žξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™‹ξ™”ξž«ξ™‚ξš„,ξ›Š ξ™‰ξ™‹ξšξ™Ÿξ™ξ™ŽξšŽξšƒξ›Š
ξ™”ξ™˜ξš…ξ™Œξ™”ξž«ξ™‚ξš„,ξ›Š ξ˜Έξ™‰ξš‚ξš”ξ›Š ξš«ξ™½ξ™‹ξ™˜ξšƒξ›Š ξ™‰ξš‚ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ›Š
ξ™ξ™„ξš€ξš’ξ›Š ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ίξšžξ›Š ξ˜Έξš―ξ™Όξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™žξ™‘ξ™˜ξ›Š ξ˜Άξšƒξ™‘ξš’ξ›Š
ξ™„ξ™™ξš²ξ™”ξ™Žξ™‰ξ™™ξšƒξ›Š ξ˜½ξ™žξ™‰ξš§ξ™Ώξ›Š ξš’ξ™½ξš©ξš²ξ™»ξ™‰ξšƒξ™‚ξšΆξ™΄ξš”ξ›Š
ξ˜·ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™‚ξ™™ξ›Šξ˜Έξš―ξ™Όξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™žξ™‘ξ™˜,ξ›Šξ™‰ξš“ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‰ξ›Šξ˜Ίξ™‡ξšƒξ›Šξ™žξ™Šξ™˜ξ™ŽξšŽξ™‹ξ™˜ξšƒξ›Š
ξ™Œξ™˜ξ™‰ξ™™ξ™΄ξ™‚ξ™Ύξ™Œξ™Ήξšœξš―ξ™Όξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™žξ™‘ξ™˜,ξ›Šξ™‚ξ™‡ξ™½ξ›Šξ™ξ™‰ξ™˜ξšƒξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ™Žξ™˜ξšƒξ›Š
ξ™ξ™‹ξ›Š ξ˜Ίξ™Ÿξ™’ξ™Άξ™„ξšƒξ›Š ξ™žξ™‰ξ™˜ξšƒξ™”ξšŽξ™ŽξšŽξ™‹ξ™˜ξšƒξ›Š ξ˜½ξš‚ξ™Œξšžξ™Ώξ›Š
ξ™žξ™”ξ™‰ξ™Ÿξ™‹ξ™‚ξš„ξ›Š ξ™žξ™Œξ™˜ξ™½ξ™ξ›Š ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™ξ™ˆξ™΅ξ™‚ξ™’ξ™˜ξšƒξ›Š
ξ™‰ξš‚ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ›Š ξ˜Όξ™Ίξ™ˆξ™Ώξ›Š ξ˜½ξš‚ξ™Œξšžξ™”ξ™‰ξš‚ξš”ξ›Š ξ˜Άξ™‰ξ™™ξ™‚ξ›Š
ξ™”ξ™˜ξš€ξ™Ύξš©ξ™‚ξš„ξ›Šξ˜Ίξš„ξ™’ξ™‹.
ξ™‰ξš‚ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ›Š ξ˜Όξ™½ξ™Œξš’ξ›Š ξ™ξ™™ξ™‚ξ™Ύξ›Š ξ™ξ™Œξž¬ξ™Žξ›Š
ξ™„ξš¬ξ™‚ξ™Ύξ›Š ξ™ŒξšŽξ™ξ™Άξ™„ξ™Ÿξ™‹ξ™Žξ™˜ξš”ξ™Ώ,ξ›Š ξ˜·ξ™Ÿξ™‚ξ™Žξ™˜ξšƒ,ξ›Š ξ˜Έξ™Ÿξ™‰ξ™»ξ›Š
ξ™‰ξšžξ™Ύξ™Œξ™‰ξš‚ξš”ξ›Š ξ™„ξš¬ξ™‚ξ™Ώξ›Š ξ™„ξ™˜ξž«ξ™Όξ™‰ξ›Š ξ™‰ξš“ξž«ξ™”ξšŽξ™Ÿξ™‹ξ›Š ξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™½ξ›Š
ξ˜Όξšžξ™΄ξ™‚ξ›Š ξ™žξ™”ξ™Ίξšžξ™Ώ.ξ›Š ξ™‰ξš‚ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ›Š ξ™Œξš‚ξ™ξ™™ξ™Žξ›Š
ξ™”ξšŽξ™“ξ™™ξ™Ύξš©ξ™ˆξž«ξ™Ÿξ™”ξ›Š ξ™Œξš„ξ™’ξš,ξ›Š ξ™‚ξšƒξš΅ξž¬ξ›Š ξ™ξš‚ξš²ξ™Ώξ›Š
ξ˜Άξš΄ξ™”ξ™‘ξ™‚ξ™»ξ™‰ξ™™ξšƒξ›Š ξ™Œξ™ˆξšŽξš©ξž¬ξ™Œξ™”ξž«ξ™‚ξ™’ξšξ™Ÿξ™‡ξ™žξ™Žξ›Š
ξ˜½ξš‚ξ™Œξšžξ™»ξ™‰ξ›Š ξ™žξ™”ξ™Ίξšžξ™Ώ.ξ›Š ξ˜Έξ™‰ξš‚ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™‚ξ›Š ξ˜·ξ™„ξ™™ξž¬ξ™Žξž«ξ™‚ξš„,ξ›Š
ξ™„ξš¬ξ™‚ξ™»ξ™‰ξ™™ξšƒξ›Š ξ˜Ίξš„ξ™’ξ›Š ξš«ξ™΄ξ™‚ξ™™ξ™Žξšˆξ™‰ξž«ξ™‚ξš„
,ξ›Š
ξ™ξ™„ξ™”ξšŽξ™‘ξ™™ξ™Žξž«ξ™‚ξš„ξ›Š ξ™žξ™Œξ™˜ξ™½ξ™ξ™”ξž«ξ™‚ξšΆξ™΄ξš”ξ›Š ξ™‰ξš‚ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ›Š
ξ˜Όξ™Ίξ™ˆξ™Ώξ›Š ξ˜½ξš‚ξ™Œξ™Ήξ™‡ξ™˜ξšƒξ›Š ξ˜Άξ™”ξž«ξ™‚ξ™Ÿξ™’ξ›Š
ξ˜Άξš ξš”ξ™Œξ™”ξž«ξ™‚ξ™Ÿξ™’ξ›Šξ˜Όξš†ξ™”ξ™˜ξš²ξ›Šξ™Ÿξ™‚ξ™Žξ™˜ξš„ξ™”ξš’ξ›Šξ˜Όξ™½ξš²ξ›Š
ξ˜Άξ™ξ™„ξ™˜ξ™΅ξ™‚ξ™΅ξ™‚ξš„ξ›Š ξ™Œξ™ŽξšŽξš‚ξ™„ξ™™ξ›Š ξ˜Άξ™’ξšξ™»ξ™‰ξšƒξ›Š ξ™žξ™”ξ™Ίξšžξ™Ώ.ξ›Š
ξ™ξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ™»ξ™ξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™‡ξž«ξš© ξ™„ξ™˜ξ™‰ξ™‹ξ™΅ξ™‚ξ™’ξ™˜ξ™‚ξ™™ξ™Žξ›Šξ™ξ™—ξšƒξ™Ύξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ™½,ξ›Š
ξ˜·ξ™½ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ™½ξ›Šξ™žξ™Œξ™˜ξ™½ξ™ξ›Šξš«ξ™Ÿξ™ξ™‚ξ™Ÿξ™’ξ™Ύξ›Šξ™Œξ™Žξ™½ξ™Œξšžξ™»ξ™‰ξ™™ξ›Š
ξ™‰ξš‚ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ›Š ξ˜Όξ™Ίξ™ˆξ™»ξ™‰ξ™™ξšƒξ›Š ξ˜Έξš―ξ™Ύξ™Œξ™”ξž«ξ™‚ξšΆξ™΄ξš”ξ›Š
ξ˜·ξ™‰ξ™ξšΊξ›Š ξ™ξš‚ξš²ξ™Ώξ›Š ξ™‚ξšΊξ™½ξ™„ξ™™ξ™‘ξ™™ξ™΅ξ›Š ξ˜Άξ™’ξšξ™»ξ™‰ξšƒξ›Š
ξ™žξ™”ξ™Ίξšžξ™Ώ.
ξ™‰ξš‚ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ›Šξ™ξ™„ξš€ξš­ξ™Ώξ›Š12 ξ™ξ™˜ξ™‰ξ™΅ξ™‚ξšΆξ™΄ξš”ξ›Š
ξš«ξ™½ξš©ξ›Š ξ™ξ™Œξš―ξ™Ώξ™Œξ™˜ξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™‹ξ›Š ξ™Šξ™Œξž«ξ™‚ξš„ξ›Š ξ™‰ξ™΅ξ™‚ξ™’ξš’ξ›Š
ξ™ξš―ξ™»ξš’ξ™”ξ™Ÿξ™ξ›Š ξ˜Ώξš―ξ›Š ξš«ξ™Ÿξ™ξ™žξ™Žξš§ξ™Ώ ξ™Œξ™˜ξž«ξ™΄ξ™‚ξ™Άξ›Š
ξ™ξ™„ξšƒξ™”ξ™˜ξž«ξ™‚ξš„ξ›Š ξ˜Όξ™½ξš²ξ›Š ξ˜·ξš€ξšΊξ›Š ξš•ξš²ξ™‚ξ™™ξ™½ξ™ξš’.ξ›Š
ξ˜·ξ™Ÿξ™‚ξ™Žξ™˜ξšƒ,ξ›Šξ™ξ™Œξ™˜ξš’ξ›Šξ™ξš―ξ™»ξš’ξ™”ξž«ξ™‚ξšΆξ™΄ξš”ξ™Ώ,ξ›Šξ˜·ξ™ξ™Ώξ™Œξ›Š
ξš˜ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™‰ξ™˜ξ™ξ›Š ξ™Œξ™ˆξšŽξ™Žξ™˜ξ™’ξž«ξ™‚ξšΆξ™΄ξš”ξ™Ώξ›Š ξ™‰ξš‚ξ™ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™Ÿξ™‘ξ›Š
ξ˜Όξ™Ίξ™ˆξ™»ξ™Ÿξ™‰ξ›Š ξ™‚ξ™Ίξ™‡ξ™ξ™™ξ™”ξ™‰ξš‚ξ™‚ξ™˜ξ™‹ξ›Š ξ™Œξ™ŽξšŽξš‚ξ™„ξ™™ξ›Š
ξ˜Άξ™’ξšξ™Ύξ™Œξ™‰ξ™½ξ›Š ξš¬ξ™‘ξ™Ώξ›Š ξ™Œξ™‘ξ›Š ξ˜Ίξ™ŽξšŽξž¬ξ™“ξ™Ύξš©ξ™‚ξ™Ÿξ™’ξ›Š
ξš«ξ™½ξš•ξ™Ήξšœξ™žξ™Žξ›Šξ™‚ξ™Ίξ™‡ξ™ξ™™ξ™Όξš’ξ›Šξ™‰ξšžξ™»ξš’ξ›Šξ™”ξšŽξ™‡ξ™‘ξ™˜ξ™Ώ.
Reference:
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/suicide.
https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Common-with-Mental-Illness/Risk-of-Suicide.