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Bipolar Affective Disorder (BPAD)
18
20
Flight of Ideas
Pressure of Speech
(Manic Episode)
Bipolar Affective Disorder (BPAD)
Aetiology, Psychopathology and Management
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(Hypomania):
Manic Episode with Psychotic Symptoms:
Grandiose Delusion:
Persecutory Delusion:
Auditory Hallucination:
(Depression):
/
(Worthlessness).
Bipolar Affective Disorder Type – 1
Bipolar Affective Disorder Type – II
Cyclothymic Disorder
Mixed Affective State:
ETIOLOGY:
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7
Ank3, CACNIC, Clock,
MAFD1, MAFD2, MAFD3, MAFD4, MAFD7, MAFD8,
CACNAIC
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
(COCAINE)
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
47.4%
(Bipolar)
frontal lobe-
glutamate
1. Complete blood count
2. ESR - Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
3. Fasting glucose
FASTING GLUCOSE-
Electrolytes:
5.
Lipid profile
ECG:
ECG
EEG:
EEG
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Antipsychotic
Olanzapine, Quetiapine, Aripiprazole, Risperidone
Ziprasidone
Mood stabiliser
Lithium, Lamotrigine, Disodium Valporate
arbamazepine.
Antidepressants:
(SSRI, SNRI, MAOI)
REFERENCE:
ECT
Maintenance Therapy:
1. Dyga K. (2019). Bipolar disorder and identity. Systematic review. Choroba afektywna
dwubiegunowa a tożsamość. Przegląd piśmiennictwa. Psychiatria polska, 53(3), 691–707.
https://doi.org/10.12740/PP/92014
2. Harrison, P. J., Colbourne, L., & Harrison, C. H. (2020). The neuropathology of bipolar
disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis. Molecular psychiatry, 25(8), 1787–1808.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-018-0213-3
3. Álvarez-Cadenas, L., García-Vázquez, P., Ezquerra, B., Stiles, B. J., Lahera, G., Andrade-
González, N., & Vieta, E. (2023). Detection of bipolar disorder in the prodromal phase: A
systematic review of assessment instruments. Journal of affective disorders, 325, 399–412.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.012
4. Cano-Ruiz, P., Sanmartin-Salinas, P., Gómez-Peinado, A., Calero-Mora, C., & Gutiérrez-
Rojas, L. (2020). Diagnostic stability in bipolar disorder: a systematic review. Actas
espanolas de psiquiatria, 48(1), 28–35.
5. Long, Y., Pan, N., Yu, Y., Zhang, S., Qin, K., Chen, Y., Sweeney, J. A., DelBello, M. P., &
Gong, Q. (2024). Shared and Distinct Neurobiological Bases of Bipolar Disorder and
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents: A Comparative Meta-
Analysis of Structural Abnormalities. Journal of the American Academy of Child and
Adolescent Psychiatry, 63(6), 586–604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2023.09.551
6.
Gong, J., Wang, J., Qiu, S., Chen, P., Luo, Z., Wang, J., Huang, L., & Wang, Y. (2020).
Common and distinct patterns of intrinsic brain activity alterations in major depression and
bipolar disorder: voxel-based meta-analysis. Translational psychiatry, 10(1), 353.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-01036-5
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7. Croatto, G., Vancampfort, D., Miola, A., Olivola, M., Fiedorowicz, J. G., Firth, J., Alexinschi,
O., Gaina, M. A., Makkai, V., Soares, F. C., Cavaliere, L., Vianello, G., Stubbs, B., Fusar-
Poli, P., Carvalho, A. F., Vieta, E., Cortese, S., Shin, J. I., Correll, C. U., & Solmi, M. (2023).
The impact of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions on physical health
outcomes in people with mood disorders across the lifespan: An umbrella review of the
evidence from randomised controlled trials. Molecular psychiatry, 28(1), 369–390.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-022-01770-w
8. Kishi, T., Ikuta, T., Matsuda, Y., Sakuma, K., Okuya, M., Nomura, I., Hatano, M., & Iwata,
N. (2022). Pharmacological treatment for bipolar mania: a systematic review and network
meta-analysis of double-blind randomized controlled trials. Molecular psychiatry, 27(2),
1136–1144. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-021-01334-4
9.
Kishi, T., Ikuta, T., Matsuda, Y., Sakuma, K., Okuya, M., Mishima, K., & Iwata, N. (2021).
Mood stabilizers and/or antipsychotics for bipolar disorder in the maintenance phase: a
systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Molecular
psychiatry, 26(8), 4146–4157. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-020-00946-6
