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(Amygdala):
(Thalamus):
(Hippocampus)
(Hypothalamus)
(ANS-
Fight
Flight
Freeze
gak;
ghJfhg;ghdjh? my;yJ Nehah?
Dr.
m.Ntzp
MD, DM(Neuro)
,
%is euk;gpay; epGzh;> uhf;/Nghh;l; euk;gpay; ikak;> jpUr;rp.
Tamil Psychiatry Journal, Vol-2, Issue-1, Jan-Mar 2026, Page 35-39
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Fight–Flight–Freeze response
(SAM-Sympatho
medullary Pathway)
(HPA Axis)
HPA
(CRH - Corticotropin-Releasing
Hormone & ACTH-Adrenocorticotropic Hormone):
ACTH-
ACTH
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(Acute fear):
(Chronic fear):
(Learned fear):
(Social fear):
(Phobia)
(Fear)
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(Acrophobia),
(Enochlophobia),
(claustrophobia)
(Cognitive Distortions)
(Pathological
fear)
(Psychoeducation).
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CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy)
(Exposure Therapy):
REFERENCE:
LeDoux, J. E. (2000). Emotion circuits in the brain. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 23, 155–
184.
Phelps, E. A., & LeDoux, J. E. (2005). Contributions of the amygdala to emotion processing.
Neuron, 48(2), 175–187.
Herman, J. P., McKlveen, J. M., Ghosal, S., et al. (2016). Regulation of the hypothalamic–
pituitary–adrenocortical stress response. Comprehensive Physiology, 6(2), 603–621.
Cannon, W. B. (1932). The Wisdom of the Body. New York: W.W. Norton.
Beck, J. S. (2011). Cognitive Behavior Therapy: Basics and Beyond (2nd ed.). New York:
Guilford Press.
Craske, M. G., Treanor, M., Conway, C. C., Zbozinek, T., & Vervliet, B. (2014). Maximizing
exposure therapy. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 58, 10–23.
Öhman, A., & Mineka, S. (2001). Fears, phobias, and preparedness. Psychological Review,
108(3), 483–522.
McEwen, B. S. (2007). Physiology and neurobiology of stress and adaptation. Physiological
Reviews, 87(3), 873–904.
